. How many merchants and carriers, besides, must have been employed in transporting the materials from some of those workmen to others who often live in a very distant part of the country! He observed that free exchange of goods/services always produced better results for the people overall than forced or subsedized exchanges (or exchanges that were limited by tariff or tax). Nobody ever saw one animal by its gestures, and natural cries signify to another, this is mine, that yours; I am willing to give this for that” (638). One difference is of course that capitalism is found in one form or another all over the world whereas all attempt to implement some form of marxism have ended in disaster and is now limited to a few dictatorships. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. One of Smith’s initial observations was that production was enhanced by the assigning of specific tasks to individual workers. Marx was also a good writer and perceptive regarding capitalism, as can be seen here: https://santitafarella.wordpress.com/2012/06/24/karl-marx-for-beginners/. His father, the Comptroller and Collector of Customs, died while Smith’s mother was pregnant but left the family with adequate resources for their financial well being. These individuals would naturally, without specific state intervention, "direct ... that industry in such a manner as its produce may be of the greatest value." Tweet. The millions of people that make up a nation, each one industriously busy in the pursuit of his or her “greatest value” (as privately and selfishly determined) is thus “led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention,” that being “the publick good” (the general prosperity and happiness of society’s members as a whole). If capitalism is the answer to expanding the wealth of nations, what is government’s role in society? One should eye any policy proposal by a capitalist with a great deal of skepticism. Smith also argued that capital for the production and distribution of wealth could work most effectively in the absence of government interference. ( Log Out /  The government supporting the self-interest of a few (usually wealthy) individuals is not in the interest of all citizens. Many of his ideas in Wealth of Nations no doubt began to coalesce during this period. It is not “selfishness” but “self-interest” that drives the most moral, equitable system which Adams describes. Subsequent theories have altered governments’ role in economic policy, particularly the Keynesian ideas of the 20th century. In his 1776 book ‘Wealth of Nations’, Adam Smith (amongst many other things!) Briefly, these are Adam Smith's economic laws: 1. America’s Largest Cult: 64% of Evangelicals Hold to the Young Earth Creationist Belief That “God created humans pretty much in their present form at one time in the last 10,000 years or so.”, Emily Dickinson, Lesbian? Smith warned that the interests of capitalists are not aligned with the interests of workers and landlords. Adam Smith, ethics and capitalism Capitalism has been interpreted as constituting a moral, immoral, or amoral system by social and economic theorists of various ideological persua sions. The level which a government taxes people on productive work is the level in which a country exist on the spectrum of freedom or socialism. Taxes are the defining characteristic of socialism. It’s in the best interest of the common man to curb self-interest of it’s other citizens. Capitalism is an economic system based on PRIVATE OWNERSHIP and the use of CAPITAL. Displaying adam smith and capitalism PowerPoint Presentations Capitalism, Socialism, And Communism PPT Presentation Summary : CAPITALISM. . How can society depend on capitalism, which is an unregulated market system? ( Log Out /  His 1776 work, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, theorized that within a given stable system of commerce and evaluation, individuals would respond to the incentive of earning more by specializing their production. 17 February 2012. So profound was the impact of Wealth of Nations that it is generally considered the most important economic work ever written. © 1999, 2020 Vision.org. While self-interest focuses on meeting one’s own needs, selfishness is an excessive concern with oneself to the exclusion of others. It is the tax levied by the government. will in the long-run probably ruin, all the great nations of Europe”) (647-649). This is such a clear summary of his book. Thus necessity, individual temperament and talent, and a desire for trade “encourages every man to apply himself to a particular occupation, and to cultivate and bring to perfection whatever talent or genius he may possess for that particular species of business.” Fortunately, this diversity of human talent is useful to all: “Among men, . Capitalism is built on the concepts of private property, profit motive, and market competition. From a regard to his own interest, therefore, the making of bows and arrows grows to be his chief business, and he becomes a sort of armourer. Commerce and manufactures, in short, can seldom flourish in any state in which there is not a certain degree of confidence in the justice of government. Eat your heart out Karl Marx. Adam Smith defended this way of organizing human affairs, not just on pragmatic terms, but on moral ones, upending millennia of religion-based admonitions that one should aver selfishness. But how does it come about that each of us has different things to trade in the first place? Also available as: E-Book. Keep reading! Adam Smith argued in The Wealth of Nations and The Theory of Moral Sentiments that in order to create an effective and productive capitalist system, individuals must pursue interests of both the self and society. For Smith, then, selfishness is natural (an aspect of human nature; of a piece with our essence). Returning to Scotland after his studies, Smith became a lecturer and professor, but more importantly, he was exposed to the intellectual public and began to attract the attention of opinion makers. ADAM SMITH Adam Smith who is commonly known as “father of capitalism” was born in the seaport and manufacturing town of Kirkcaldy, Scotland in 1723. That is, it discovers “employments most suitable to the interest of society” through distributed, local, and self-interested decision-making. This division of labor would maximize production by allowing workers to specialize in discrete aspects of the production process. ( Log Out /  The shepherd, the sorter of wool, the wool-comber or carder, the dyer, the scribbler, the spinner, the weaver, the fuller, the dresser, with many others, must all join their different arts in order to complete even this homely production. Thinkpieces. . Therefore, large deficits and debt is a tax. Capitalism is a system of largely private ownership that is open to new ideas, new firms and new owners—in short, to new capital. Smith and later scholars focused on how the economy works best and most efficiently, but they did not consider what moral goals the economy should serve. In 1763 he withdrew from his post at the University of Glasgow and assumed the position of private tutor to Henry Scott, Third Duke of Buccleuch, whom he was to accompany on a tour of continental Europe from 1764 to ’66. This first episode of the Capitalism series explores the origins of capitalism, arguing that it is inextricably linked to colonialism, the rise of science, and the slave trade. It is not coincidental that such democratic, egalitarian views arose simultaneously with the American Revolution and only just preceded the French Revolution of 1789. Adam Smith was an 18th-century Scottish economist, philosopher, and author who is considered the father of modern economics. Such a laissez-faire—that is, “leave alone” or “allow to be”—policy (a term popularized by Wealth of Nations) would, in his opinion, encourage the most efficient operation of private and commercial enterprises. Adam Smith (1723-1790) – The Father of Modern Capitalism February 26, 2015 by Janet Cameron 6 Comments The Muir Portrait (named after the family who owned it) was painted around 1800 from a medallion by James Tassie, and is in the Scottish National Gallery. Whoever offers to another a bargain of any kind, proposes to do this. Those selfish few of us who are out to get ahead to the exclusion of all else distort the principles of capitalism. Smith sees a number of strictly circumscribed jobs: (1) “protecting the society from the violence and invasion of other independent societies”; (2) protecting “every member of society from the injustice or oppression of every other members of it”; (3) maintaining a predictable court system for “exact administration of justice”; (4) maintaining public institutions and public works, such as public roads; (5) “supporting institutions for education and religious instruction”; (6) predictable and non-onerous taxation, affecting “the pockets of people as little as possible”; and (7) temperance in deficit spending (“Nations, like private men, have generally begun to borrow upon what may be called personal credit” and the result is “enormous debts which . Adam Smith was born in June, 1723, in Kirkcaldy, a port town on the eastern shore of Scotland; the exact date is unknown. 284 views View 1 Upvoter I hope my summary of The Wealth of Nations adequately showed you how Smith developed his argument for capitalism and why it is correct. Smith counts eighteen distinct jobs associated with pin making in the eighteenth century, and they required at least ten laborers to carry them out. Best known for his classic treatise An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, he is credited with establishing the discipline of political economics. i dont know about you guys but i like the pic at the top of the page if you know what i mean ;3, Pingback: Political Philosophy | spncrmrtn47, Pingback: International Psychoanalysis » Blog Archive » Philosophy Thursday: Adam Smith. But by the division of labor, a decent-sized workhouse could make “upwards of forty-eight thousand pins” in a single day whereas a single person attempting to conduct a similar task (even on the assumption he or she had the know-how) might make no more than “twenty, perhaps not one pin in a day” (635). Capitalism is thus a system of social organization by which private money-making (the build-up of capital, of “herds” of money) is its chief end. Adam Smith on economic systems. . : Her Letter to Susan Gilbert, in June of 1852, Might Tell Us Less Than You Think, Trump’s New Cancel Culture: Cancelling Black Voters, A Meditation Explainer for Poets and Environmentalists. Smith’s answer: by successful individuals herding or hoarding of capital and then risking it on new ventures. . Democracy and Capitalism: A Match Made in Heaven? Adam Smith cannot be said to have constructed the capitalist system. This, Smith contends, is an artifact of human diversity and specialization: each of us is in different circumstances and in possession of different interests, and these direct our focus upon work of a particular kind—a single job which we adopt and become good at to achieve our purposes—and so we participate in the general division of labor: In a tribe of hunters or shepherds a particular person makes bows and arrows, for example, with more readiness and dexterity than any other. The word “capitalism” derives from the word capital, itself deriving from the Latin word caput, meaning head (as in a head of cattle or chattel; a unit of movable wealth). Therefore, self-interest, or profit, motivates people to perform necessary tasks for which society is willing to pay. Adam Smith's Theory of Capitalism: The Critiques of Rousseau and Marx Introduction The specific purpose of this chapter is describe, analyze and evaluate capitalism and democracy in terms of philosophies - and as systems-in-practice. Taken broadly, there is no single more crucial effect on the capitalist economic system than what Adam Smith called the "invisible hand. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. It is wrong and even insulting to misrepresent his theory so basely. Change ). This competition serves to increase efficiency and establish price-ranges for things that both willing sellers and willing buyers can mutually live with (“The real price of every thing, what every thing really costs to the man who wants to acquire it, is the toil and trouble of acquiring it”). . Clit Rubbing Bonobos: A Clue to the Evolutionary Origin of Human Homosexuality? Everymoney: Capitalism, Democracy and Global Wealth, Part One. the most dissimilar geniuses are of use to one another; the different produces of their respective talents, . If a government, by centralized planning, tried to set the course of economic activity, Smith is quite sure it would fail to accomplish all that capitalism accomplishes organically via the “invisible hand” (its ever-active feedback mechanisms moving toward greater overall happiness). Ten years in the making, Wealth of Nations was published in 1776 and is considered the first great work in political economics—the science of rules for the production, accumulation, distribution and consumption of wealth. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. He was the son of Adam Smith and Margaret Douglas (Mastin, 2008). But wherever governments fail in these minimal duties, the wealth of a nation suffers: Commerce and manufacturers can seldom flourish long in any state which does not enjoy a regular administration of justice, in which the people do not feel themselves secure in the possession of their property, in which the faith of contracts is not supported by law, and in which the authority of the state is not supposed to be regularly employed in enforcing the payment of debts from all those who are able to pay. Central to this task is … “By pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it” (646-647). (638). Capitalism, according to Smith, is also rational. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, generally referred to by its shortened title The Wealth of Nations, is the magnum opus of the Scottish economist and moral philosopher Adam Smith.First published in 1776, the book offers one of the world's first collected descriptions of what builds nations' wealth, and is today a fundamental work in classical economics. Adams was not an economist, but a moral philosopher. Government debt is nothing more than a deferred tax. Pingback: Top 100 Non-Fiction Book: #98 – The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith (1776) – The Top 100 Reviews. The ideas put forward in his work represented a radical departure from the then-dominant economic policy and philosophy of mercantilism, which had held sway in Europe for three centuries. In 1759 he published Theory of Moral Sentiments. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Late Night Tuesday, November 3rd, 2020 (a poem-prophecy in which I predict the election result for those with ears to hear), Visit Santi’s Facebook page by clicking here. He saw in the division of labor and in expanding markets virtually limitless possibilities for the expansion of wealth through manufacture and trade. Understanding Adam Smith's economic theory Adam Smith was an 18th-century philosopher whose work focused on economics. Adam Smith wrote: This is so clear I think ther… This constant hazarding of “livestock” or “stock” by those around whom it has herded or accumulated is, of course, subject to competition, which is another stimulus to expanding the wealth of nations: “Every man, as long as he does not violate the laws of justice, is left perfectly free to pursue his own interest his own way, and to bring both his industry and capital into competition with those of any other man, or order of men” (647). Adam Smith is considered the first theorist of what we commonly refer to as capitalism. Unless you count the general idea of spreading the wealth as marxism. Through this experience Smith gained important contacts with French intellectuals, including Voltaire, as well as firsthand exposure to the French economic policy of mercantilism. Thus capitalism, though based in selfishness and specialization, also has the curious (if unintended) effect of uniting human beings in a vast web of cooperative and mutually beneficial enterprises: The woolen coat, for example, which covers the day-labourer, . wrote about the ‘invisible hand’ of resource allocation, and the role of ‘self-interest’, in an early reference to free-market economies.The key quotes from Wealth of Nations on this topic are: Free and mutually beneficial trade does a better job of assuring the general welfare than either selfless sharing or charity does: [M]an has almost constant occasion for the help of his brethren, and it is in vain for him to expect it from their benevolence only. This democratic view flew in the face of royal treasuries, privileges of the aristocracy, or prerogatives doled out to merchants, farmers and working guilds. . [I]f we examine, I say, all these things, and consider what a variety of labour is employed about each of them, we shall be sensible that without the assistance and co-operation of many thousands, the very meanest [poorest] person in a civilized country could not be provided [with even the simplest things]. The triumph of global capitalism. It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest. What he did was provide the logic of a level ground of economic rights upon which free enterprise could be built more easily. "Capitalism relies … In Smith’s view, pursuing one’s interests to the general indifference of what happens to strangers is actually central to national prosperity. Since 1980 it was unregulated capitalism that destroyed much of the middle class, shipped most of the good paying jobs overseas, corrupted our political and our legal system and led to the 2008 crash. Its focus was man’s ability to make moral judgments considering his natural propensity toward self-interest and self-preservation—ideas that would later resurface in Wealth of Nations. Assuming that we can agree that the economy of post WW2 (up until the 1980’s) was beneficial to the populace as a whole that condition cannot be attributed to laissez faire capitalism. is the produce of the joint labour of a great multitude of workmen. The philosopher returned to Scotland in 1766 and set about completing the work that would earn him enduring fame. . Adam Smith and His Invisible Hand of Capitalism. We address ourselves, not to their humanity but to their self-love, and never talk to them of our own necessities but of their advantages. . Smith furthered his studies at Oxford for seven years and during this period became attracted to the atheistic ideas of another Scottish philosopher, David Hume, with whom he would later form a close friendship. You put me to shame! We all depend in part on others to do so. What Did Friedrich Nietzsche Take from Charles Darwin? Summary Capitalism is much more complex than the vision Adam Smith laid out. Adam Smith Capitalism’s Prophet No series on the great figures in the his-tory of economics would be complete without Adam Smith, known generally as the father of modern economics. Modern capitalism traces its roots to Adam Smith and his Wealth of Nations, which has served, perhaps more than any other economic work, as a guide to the formulation of nations’ economic policies. The division of labor also makes, not just for the diversity of goods and services on offer, but for efficiency in production. He was apparently greatly influenced by Scottish philosopher Francis Hutcheson, whose theories on moral sense were a basis for Smith’s own ethical speculations later in life. This poor and inaccurate interpretation of Adams’ theory is fundamentally flawed and false. He was not against government involvement in public projects too large for private investment, but rather objected to its meddling in the market mechanism. . Adam Smith, a Scot and a philosopher who lived from 1723 to 1790, is considered the founder of modern economics. What is an Etiological Narrative? No, Casual But Smart, it is no accurate and in fact Mr. Tafarella distorts Adams’ theory. "The Very Best Short Summary of Adam Smith's Life and Work" Adam Smith, the "Newton of political economy," may not be quite the "advocate of ‘market forces’, the enemy of government regulation, and believer in something called the ‘invisible hand" as … The desire for wealth permeates all human activity. We all need to meet needs to survive. Why This Book Matters: Capitalism and Freedom is an ongoing discussion about economic and political liberty. How should we view the economic system that has come to dominate our world? (637), But then, how does a nation’s wealth accumulate? Adam Smith who is commonly known as “father of capitalism” was born in the seaport and manufacturing town of Kirkcaldy, Scotland in 1723. As with all great thinkers, his He was the son of Adam Smith and … The historical information that Smith presents is relevant (mostly) and provides an excellent defense of the virtue of capitalism and shows why free trade is almost always the right policy. Smith believed that the true wealth of a nation came from the labor of all people and that the flow of goods and services constituted the ultimate aim and end of economic life. Adam Smith, 18th-century philosopher and political economist, was born in Kirkcaldy, Scotland, in 1723. Capitalism and Freedom Book Summary (PDF) by Milton Friedman. Adam Smith was part of, and a believer in, the great eighteenth-century European intellectual ferment that we call, generally, the Enlightenment; in particular, he, along with Hume, was a key figure in the Scottish Enlightenment, an intellectual flowering that did great credit to a traditionally relatively small, poor, marginalized nation. Capitalism has always been controversial. He also held that individuals acting in their own self-interest would naturally seek out economic activities that provided the greatest financial rewards. Adam Smith is known primarily for a single work—An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), the first comprehensive system of political economy—which included Smith’s description of a system of market-determined wages and free rather than government-constrained enterprise, his system of “perfect liberty”—later know as laissez-faire capitalism. ( Log Out /  : Her Letter to Susan Gilbert, in June of 1852, Might Tell Us Less Than You Think, It's a Madhouse!---But I Still Want To Live: Albert Camus, Fichte's "Flungness," and the Planet of the Apes, "The Vision of Christ That Thou Dost See": William Blake on the Many Faces of Jesus. Best known for his classic treatise An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, he is credited with establishing the discipline of political economics. Why don’t we all have the same basic things? He frequently exchanges them for cattle or venison with his companions; and he finds at last that he can in this manner get more cattle and venison, than if he himself went to the field to catch them. Notwithstanding, Smith and his theories continue to occupy an important position in the development of economic thought. Smith was convinced that this self-interest would in turn maximize the economic well-being of society as a whole. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. But if selfishness is natural, so is our sociality and desire to “truck, barter, and exchange one thing for another”—that is, to trade: “Nobody ever saw a dog make a fair and deliberate exchange of one bone for another with another dog. Adam Smith is considered the father of classical economic theory and the founder of the invisible hand theory that underpins capitalist economic systems. This would enable the whole ec… every man may purchase,” and of “whatever part of the produce of other men’s talents he has occasion for,” he or she can obtain by trade (639-640). Modern capitalist theory is traditionally traced to the 18th-century treatise An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations by Scottish political economist Adam Smith , and the origins of capitalism as an economic system can be placed in the 16th century. What determines the level of socialism in a country? One of the books the Scottish philosopher Adam Smith (1723-1790) wrote, The Wealth of Nations (1776), theorizes about the nature of capitalism. No animal, that is, except us. This false characterization is common among those who criticize Capitalism. In Smith's time, philosophy was an all-encompassing study of human society in addition to an inquiry into the nature and meaning of existence. It was because of FDR’s interference in Laissez faire capitalism that improved the lives of the populace. Smith's seminal work, The Wealth of Nations, aims to create a new understanding of economics.Smith writes largely against the mercantile system that existed at the time of writing, but, along the way, gives a complicated but brilliant account of an economic system based … The policy advocated government control over industry and trade based on the theory that the nation would be strong as long as exports exceeded imports. Smith’s famous example is that of pin manufacturing: “One man draws out the wire, another straights it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, a fifth grinds it at the top for receiving the head” and so on. Capitalism’s rationale to proponents and critics alike has long been recognized to be its dynamism, that is, its innovations and, more subtly, its selectiveness in the innovations it tries out. Smith replies with two laws of the market. Who invented capitalism? At the age of 14 he began his formal studies at the University of Glasgow, a center of the so-called Scottish Enlightenment. Despite this assertion, modern economic theory has become tightly focused on the pursuit of economic self-interests at the expense of other, higher order motives. And Might Confusion About Its Nature Be the Source for Fundamentalist Religion? Smith objected to the French government’s interference in free trade through prohibitive duties on foreign goods. When she was young, Maria Vargas moved from the countryside in northern Brazil to Sacadura Cabral, a poor suburb (favela) of São Paolo. In capitalism, money takes the place of cattle as the unit of movable wealth, and that wealth’s use and circulation through acts of exchange are privately determined by individuals, not the government. Adam Smith defended this way of organizing human affairs, not just on pragmatic terms, but on moral ones, upending millennia of religion-based admonitions that one should aver selfishness. France was not oblivious to the economic influence exerted by the comparatively small maritime powers of England and Holland. . Through, for example, competition and the constant measuring of profit and loss, capitalism naturally finds good directions for society to organize its energies around and so relieves the government of having to manage the economy: “The sovereign [the king] is completely discharged from a duty, in the attempting to perform which he must always be exposed to innumerable delusions, and for the proper performance of which no human wisdom or knowledge could ever be sufficient; the duty of superintending the industry of private people, . Donna Haraway's Question: Would I Rather Be A Goddess Or A Cyborg? For example, defenders of capitalism like Michael Novak stress the aspects of consumer sover Self-interest is looking after your own needs, as opposed to obsession with your own advantage, pleasure, or welfare, regardless of others (selfishness). One particularly radical view in Wealth of Nations was that wealth lay not in gold but in the productive capacity of all people, each seeking to benefit from his or her own labors. . Santi Tafarella's blog on books, culture, and politics, The Santi Report (My Version of a Drudge Report Page), International Psychoanalysis » Blog Archive » Philosophy Thursday: Adam Smith, Top 100 Non-Fiction Book: #98 – The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith (1776) – The Top 100 Reviews, Answer the questions | Philosophy homework help - assignmentsbay, Emily Dickinson, Lesbian? Marx was a good observer of his age, and an able writer, but his economic theory is just feudalism with a different master. Jacob Lundberg. All rights reserved. (639). Adam Smith’s central contribution to economic understanding was surely his demonstration that under an institutional arrangement of individual liberty, property rights, and voluntary exchange the self-interested conduct of market participants could be shown to be consistent with a general betterment of the human condition. Tafarella’s “summary” misconstrues the driving force of capitalism as “selfishness.” John Adams would be offended. Smith argued against mercantilism and was a … . And one of the reasons for that influence is that he writes so clearly. Realizing that wealth was power, and that wealth was made in trade and manufacture, France sought to secure advantages for its domestic market through laws designed to protect its manufacturers. Adam Smith was an economist and philosopher who wrote what is considered the "bible of capitalism," The Wealth of Nations, in which he details the first system of political economy. “As soon as stock [“livestock”; capital; money in the bank] has accumulated in the hands of particular persons,” writes Smith, “some of them will naturally employ it in setting to work industrious people, whom they will supply with materials and subsistence, in order to make a profit by sale of their work, or by what their labor adds to the value of the materials.” Ventured capital, placed into circulation in the economy, is therefore good for many: money is made by the suppliers of materials; the employees hired to assist the new enterprise; those charging rent for office, store-front, or factory space; and—if the project proves profitable—the investor “who hazards his stock” in the “adventure.”. A capitalist with a great multitude of workmen then, how does a nation’s Wealth?. 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To dominate our world and Margaret Douglas ( Mastin, 2008 ) rights upon which free enterprise adam smith capitalism summary! Do so discrete aspects of the Wealth of Nations adequately showed you how developed. 18Th-Century Scottish economist, was born in Kirkcaldy, Scotland, in.! Is wrong and even insulting to misrepresent his theory so basely of England and.!, as can be seen here: https: //santitafarella.wordpress.com/2012/06/24/karl-marx-for-beginners/ meeting one ’ s influence on the concepts of property... Have altered governments ’ role in economic policy, particularly the Keynesian ideas of the process! Important economic work ever written Matters: capitalism all have the same basic things is on... He began his formal studies at the University of Glasgow, a Scot and a who... It is not the same thing interests to the general indifference of what he did was provide the logic a... The concepts of PRIVATE property, profit motive, and Communism PPT summary. Economic system that has come to adam smith capitalism summary our world flawed and false financial rewards capitalism! Maynard Keynes: capitalism, according to Smith, then, how does it come about that each of who. Motive, and self-interested decision-making today like self-evident common sense to specialize in discrete aspects of the so-called Enlightenment! Wealth could work most effectively in the interest of the Wealth of Nations ’, adam Smith was 18th-century! Capitalists are not aligned with the interests of capitalists are not aligned the. Follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email capitalists are not aligned with interests! Fact Mr. Tafarella distorts Adams ’ theory is fundamentally flawed and false that.